Binomial Theorem: Step-by-Step Worked Examples (2)

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Question

Find the coefficient of x7x^7 in the expansion of (2x21x)11\left(2x^2 - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{11}.

Solution — Step by Step

For (a+b)n(a + b)^n, the general term is Tr+1=(nr)anrbrT_{r+1} = \binom{n}{r} a^{n-r} b^r. Here a=2x2a = 2x^2, b=1/xb = -1/x, n=11n = 11.

Tr+1=(11r)(2x2)11r(1x)r=(11r)211r(1)rx2(11r)rT_{r+1} = \binom{11}{r}(2x^2)^{11-r}\left(-\frac{1}{x}\right)^r = \binom{11}{r} 2^{11-r} (-1)^r x^{2(11-r) - r}

The exponent of xx in Tr+1T_{r+1} is:

2(11r)r=223r2(11 - r) - r = 22 - 3r
223r=7    3r=15    r=522 - 3r = 7 \implies 3r = 15 \implies r = 5

So the term containing x7x^7 is T6T_6.

coefficient=(115)2115(1)5=46264(1)\text{coefficient} = \binom{11}{5} \cdot 2^{11-5} \cdot (-1)^5 = 462 \cdot 64 \cdot (-1) =29568= -29568

Final Answer: Coefficient of x7x^7 is 29568-29568.

Why This Works

The general term Tr+1T_{r+1} encapsulates every term of the expansion as a function of rr. Setting the exponent of xx to the desired value gives one equation in one unknown — solve for rr, then plug back to read off the coefficient.

The negative sign comes from (1)r(-1)^r with r=5r = 5 (odd). Always track the sign carefully — JEE MCQs often include both +29568+29568 and 29568-29568 in the options.

Alternative Method

Expand the term-by-term ratio Tr+2/Tr+1T_{r+2}/T_{r+1} and find when the exponent decreases past 77. Same answer, but more bookkeeping. The general-term method is the standard workhorse.

Forgetting to raise 22 to (11r)(11 - r) — students sometimes write 2112^{11} as a constant out front. The anra^{n-r} factor is term-specific. Always carry it inside the general term.

For binomials of the form (axp+bxq)n(ax^p + bx^{-q})^n, the exponent of xx in Tr+1T_{r+1} is p(nr)qrp(n-r) - qr. Memorize this template — JEE Main asks at least one such problem every year.

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