CBSENEETClass 10

How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

Answer

Add sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃): a carboxylic acid gives brisk effervescence of CO₂, whereas an alcohol shows no reaction.

The working

Choose the test

Use the sodium hydrogen carbonate test, since only acids react with NaHCO₃ to release carbon dioxide.

Perform it

Add a small amount of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution to each compound separately.

Observe

The carboxylic acid produces brisk effervescence due to CO₂ gas, while the alcohol shows no bubbling.

Reaction

For acetic acid, CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂, confirming the acid.

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